Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) results from vasopressinergic neuron loss or dysfunction, causing impaired arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis or secretion. AVP deficiency leads to the inability to concentrate urine, causing hypotonic polyuria. Typically caused by neoplastic, traumatic, or autoimmune damage to AVP neurons, CDI’s diverse etiologies are explored in this review. Advances like the copeptin assay enhance diagnostic accuracy. The article delves into CDI management, emphasizing fluid intake and AVP replacement, covering specific syndromes like adipsic diabetes insipidus, pregnancy-related CDI, and perioperative CDI management.
