This research reveals a groundbreaking discovery: surfactant structures can shield hazardous chemicals in aerosols, prolonging their presence in the atmosphere. Lab and computational studies show that surfactants can form protective 3D structures, reducing chemical reactivity and extending their atmospheric lifetime. This finding raises concerns about prolonged aerosol pollution’s impact on air quality and human health. Further research is essential to comprehend these structures’ effects on climate, indoor and outdoor air quality, and their potential health consequences.