The SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone mutations, including significant ones that increased its transmissibility and replication. Different strains of the virus have emerged and waned globally. Some variants, like Alpha and Omicron, have multiple mutations that may originate from long-term infections in immune-compromised individuals. Further research is needed to understand these evolutionary patterns and predict future mutation sites to develop vaccines and therapies. A study analyzed sequencing data from March 2020 to December 2022, identifying mutations and variation frequencies in the virus’s genes. The spike protein showed the most variation, indicating selection pressure from host immunity. The study also explored evolutionary patterns and used AI/ML techniques to predict future mutation sites. These models could help develop targeted interventions and a universal vaccine.
