The phrase learning difficulties covers a range of conditions, including Down’s syndrome as well as cognitive or neurological conditions such as dyslexia. In emphasizing the difficulty experienced rather than any perceived ‘deficiency’ it is less discriminatory and more positive than older terms such as mentally handicapped. It is the phrase you should use to avoid the risk of causing offence and is the standard term in Britain in official contexts. Learning disability is the equivalent in North America, but in Britain that tends to refer specifically to conditions in which IQ is impaired.
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