This is an adverb, used to link items in a sentence or to make links between sentences. For example:
The oxygen they produce benefits the fish, and they also provide a source of food and shelter.
It is frequently used with and or but, but it is not a conjunction. In formal writing also should not be used instead of and:
The closet is larger than a pit and therefore lasts longer also it is easy to empty.
Here the speaker needs to add ( and also), or replace also with and.
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