A rapid HPLC-UV method was developed to simultaneously detect five fungicides (THR, EPO, HEX, TEB, and DIE) in various matrices. Peak shape and resolution were optimized through mobile phase composition, pH, buffer concentration, and column temperature. Method validation included linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. Forced degradation studies confirmed specificity and stability, while DNA interaction and damage assessments revealed varying degrees of DNA binding and damage induced by the fungicides, except DIE, which showed no DNA damage. THR exhibited the strongest DNA interaction and significant cytotoxicity.
