Insect cyborgs: The future of small, high-mobility, and efficient devices

Electrical stimulation of stick insect leg muscles can be used to control their movement, with a nearly linear relationship between the duration of stimulation and the torque generated. This could be used to refine the motor control of tuned biohybrid robots, making their movements more precise. However, further testing is needed to implement this in free-walking insects and to refine the electrical stimuli to mimic natural neuromuscular signals more closely.